Ejen Khan: Sources and Historiography on the Nickname of Orda, the First Son of Jochi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69567/Keywords:
Jochi Khan, Orda, Batu, Ulus Idi, Ejen Khan, Orda Ejen, Sayin Khan, Posthumous TitleAbstract
This article analyzes medieval sources and historiography about Orda (Ordu), the first son of Jochi. Specifically, it examines the history of his double name (Orda Ejen/Ichen), as well as the meaning of the medieval Mongolian term Ezen (Ejen, Ichen). References to Orda in the works Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid al-Din, Mu'izz al-ansab by an anonymous author, Qara Tawarikh (Chingis-name) by Ötemish Hajji, Shajarat-i Turk by Abu’l-Ghazi, and in the notes of John of Plano Carpini are analyzed in detail. It is established that the double name Orda-Ejen (Orda Itschen) was first used in generalizing works on the history of the Golden Horde by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Otto Wolff, and Henry H. Howorth, published in the 19th century. Paul Pelliot analyzed the etymology of this name in detail, while Thomas T. Allsen believed that the epithet "ejen" was an honorary title also borne by other Chinggisids. The opinions of Magamet G. Safargaliev and Arkady P. Grigoriev are analyzed in detail, as well as the latest research by Qiu Yihao and Tatiana D. Skrynnikova. Also, John A. Boyle is cited, who wrote about the existence of posthumous titles among the sons and descendants of Chinggis Khan. For example, such titles were held by Jochi (Ulus Idi), Ögedei (Qa’an), Tului (Ulugh Noyan or Yeke Noyan), Batu (Sayin), and Hulagu (Sayin Ejen). The article suggests that the same principle led to the origin of Orda's second name, Ejen. This was his posthumous title, bestowed upon him by his descendants. This is also indicated by the absence of Orda’s second name, Ejen, in sources written close to his era; in them he is called by his name, Orda.
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