States that grew out of the Ulus of Jochi, their designati ons in sources, popular memory and in the research environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69567/3007-0236.2024.4.392.401Keywords:
Ulus of Jochi, Golden Horde, Ulugh Ulus, Batuid State, Ordaid State, Toqtamysh Khan StateAbstract
The article deals with the existing designations of states created on the foundation of the Ulus of Jochi, the
information from written sources about the names of the Jochid states, as well as the reflection of these names in
the popular memory of the Qazaqs and some interpretations in today’s research environment. These issues were
actualized in Qazaqstan in connection with the 800th anniversary of the Ulus of Jochi. The use of the traditional
ethnogeographical designation Dasht-i Qipchaq as the most common name for the Ulus of Jochi as well as the
names associated with it, such as Qipchaq, Bulgar, and Crimea, are considered. After the All-Mongol Western
Campaign, the Batuid State in the west and the Ordaid State in the east were formed in the Ulus of Jochi. Both
states became independent after the actual collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 1360s. It is incorrect to apply
the name Golden Horde to both states, since the Golden Horde is only the Batuid State. It is also incorrect to call
the Golden Horde Ulugh Ulus, since this name was first used by Toqtamysh Khan only in 1393. In the popular epic
consciousness, the name Nogayly appeared as early as the 1280s–90s, with the Manghits becoming the leading
force. Nogayly (Nogay country) were a Qipchaq people, territorially settled within the Ulus of Jochi. In conclusion,
some recent academic and non-academic publications on the Ulus of Jochi are highlighted, and the main features
of the non-academic publications are shown.
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