Қазақ КСР-дегі этнографиялық білім өндіру үрдісі және мәдени репрезентация
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69567/3007-0236.2024.2.104.133Кілт сөздер:
Қазақ КСР этнография ғылымы, этнографиялық білім өндіру, мәдени репрезентация, қазақтың тамақтану жолдары, тағам және ұлттық бірегейлік, ұлттық тағам, бешбармақАңдатпа
Мақалада Қазақ КСР Ғылым академиясының Этнография бөлімінің қазақ халқының тамақтану мәдениетіне қатысты білім өндіру үрдісі қарастырылады. Бұл зерттеу атаулы Этнография бөлімінің әртүрлі аймақтарда жүргізген еларалық экспедициялар нәтижесінде жинақталған жазбаларды осы экспедициялар нәтижесінде жазылған советтік жарияланымдар мазмұнымен салыстыра отырып талдайтын кешенді тәсілді қолданады. Контент анализ және дискурс анализ әдістерін өзара үйлестіре отырып бұл зерттеу «қазақтың дәстүрілі тағамы» негізінде жалпы қазақ халқының тамақтану мәдениеті туралы этнографиялық білімді қалыптасу үдерістерін қарастыруды мақсат етеді. Мақалада қазақи танымда орны ерекше деп көрсетілген дәстүрлі тағам репрезентациясына ерекше көңіл бөлінеді. Онда бастапқы жылдары Этнография бөлімі қызметкерлерінің орыс тілінде жазылған жарияланымдарында қазақ тілділер арасында «ет» ретінде белгілі болған қазақ халқының дәстүрлі тағамының түрлі атаулармен берілгендігі айтылады. Бұл сәйкессіздіктер бірнеше кешенді факторлардың өзара әрекеттестігі нәтижесінде орын алды деп дәлелденеді. Мәселен авторлардың қазақ тілін меңгеру деңгейі, олардың этникалық немесе мәдени белгісі және білім алған орындарының олардың кәсіби көзқарасына ықпалы. Сонымен қатар, мақала советтік кезеңде «бешбармақ» атауының қазақтың мәдениетімен байланыстыра қарастыру үрдісінің одақтық деңгейде кеңінен таралуы себебін қарастырады. Онда «бешбармақ» советтік насихат жарияланымдарында «әртүрлі этникалық топ өкілдерінен шыққан көптеген советтік азаматтардың сүйіп жейтін қазақтың ұлттық тағамы» ретінде жиі көрсетілгендігі айтылады. Осылайша, «бешбармақ» одақтық деңгейдегі социалистік интернационализм иделогиясы нысанына айналып, кең таралған ресми дискурста қазақтардың дәстүрлі дастарханының символы ретінде таралып кеткен.
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